Men produce a hormone called testosterone that takes on important roles in various bodily functions. Also known as the primary male sex hormone, it helps facilitate a man’s:

Libido

Testosterone levels have to be normal so that a man can have libido or sex drive for sex. If there is low testosterone, a man may lose his desire for sex.

Sperm production

Testosterone is essential in the production of sperm. It helps in making sure that there is enough sperm produced and that each sperm has good structure and motility.

Bone density

Testosterone aids in the growth and development of strong and healthy bones. Without testosterone, the risk of injuries and bone disorders increases.

Muscle mass

Testosterone is key to the growth and development of strong and healthy muscles. A lack of testosterone can cause weak muscles and an increased risk of muscular complications and disorders.

Red blood cell production

Testosterone plays an important role in the body’s production of new red blood cells. With enough testosterone in the body, more new red blood cells are produced, which helps in improved blood circulation and blood flow.

During puberty, it is involved in a number of changes that a boy goes through, including:

Growth of body hair

Testosterone helps in the growth of pubic hair, underarm hair, facial hair, and other body hair. Someone who has low testosterone may suffer from hair loss.

Increase in height

Testosterone facilitates growth in height in boys who hit the puberty stage. Without testosterone, a boy may experience slower growth than his peers.

Genital development

Testosterone is key to the enlargement of the male genitals. If testosterone levels are low, the penis and the testicles may be left underdeveloped.

Why do some men have low testosterone?

Testosterone is produced in large amounts in the testicles, and it naturally declines with age. The levels usually peak around the age of 18 to 20, and start to gradually decline after the age of 30. So, as you grow older, especially once you are in your 40s or above, expect your testosterone levels to be less than what you had when you were younger.

Sometimes, testosterone levels can also decline not because of aging but due to other factors. Below are some common causes of low testosterone:

Testicular injuries

If you get kicked or punched in the testicles, the extreme force or trauma may cause damage and interrupt the blood flow to your testicles, impeding the production of testosterone.

Orchitis

This disease is caused by either a virus or bacteria, resulting to the inflammation of the testicles. Among its typical signs and symptoms include fever, and mild to severe pain and swelling in one or both testicles.

Testicular cancer

This is a type of cancer that usually strikes men between the ages of 15 and 35. It triggers a number of signs and symptoms, including a lump or hardness in the testicles, aching in the groin or lower abdomen, and chest pain.

Radiation exposure

If you undergo radiation treatment for testicular cancer, prostate cancer, or others, it may leave some nerves in the area damaged, leaving your testicles and other vital parts unable to do their jobs properly.

Diabetes

This is a medical condition in which one’s blood sugar or glucose levels are too high. Many studies have found that men with diabetes are highly likely to experience a decline in their testosterone levels, and men with low testosterone levels are more prone to developing diabetes.

How do you know if you have low testosterone?

Men with low testosterone may manifest the following signs and symptoms:

• Reduced libido or sex drive
• Fatigue
• Muscle and bone loss
• Impaired memory and concentration
• Mood swings
• Increased body fat
• Decreased body hair

If the problem is not diagnosed and treated right away, it can cause:

• Erectile dysfunction – This is a sexual health problem in which a man is unable to achieve or maintain an erection firm or long enough for sex.
• Infertility – This is a condition in which a man is unable to impregnate his female partner.

To get a proper diagnosis, it is advised that you visit your doctor and undergo a testosterone level test. In a testosterone level test, a sample of your blood is taken and submitted to the laboratory for closer examination and analysis. For precise results, it is recommended that you take your testosterone level test in the morning, probably around 8 am to 10 am, as these hours are when the body’s hormone levels are at their peak.

In men, the normal testosterone levels range between 270 nanograms per deciliter and 1,070 nanograms per deciliter. If your testosterone level test shows that your testosterone is below this range, this means you have low testosterone.

What should you do to improve your testosterone levels?

Men diagnosed with low testosterone are often treated with testosterone replacement therapy. Your doctor may prescribe any of the following different testosterone replacement therapy options:

• Injections – These are injected into a muscle, usually the arm, to introduce testosterone into the bloodstream. They are usually taken as a single dose once every 10 days to 14 days.
• Gels – These are administered onto the skin, usually the arms or upper back, on a daily basis to allow testosterone to be absorbed into the body.
• Patches – These are applied onto the skin, usually the arms, back, abdomen, or buttocks, to help boost the body’s testosterone levels.
• Pellets – These are administered by implanting them under the skin to let testosterone get into the body. Usually, one pellet is used every two months.

There are many benefits to taking testosterone replacement therapy. If you follow the doctor’s orders, you should experience significant improvements in the overall quality of your life. You should have enhanced bone and muscle strength, better mood, focus, and memory, and increased libido and sexual health.

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